Polystox Manufacturer & Supplier of PVC in India
Before the introduction of PVC pipes, irrigation and drinking water relied mainly on cement pipes and GI pipes, including huge initial investments. The introduction of PVC has revolutionized agriculture. The first PVC pipes were manufactured in Germany in 1932 and it was not until 1961 that pipes were introduced to India. Polystox is its PVC supplier in India and India’s leading e-commerce platform for facilitating the buying and selling of polymers online. Polystox is a hassle-free platform that allows users to buy and sell polymers with just a few clicks..
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the most commonly used polymers in the world. Due to its versatility, PVC is widely used in a wide range of industrial, engineering, and everyday applications including construction, transportation, packaging, electrical/electronics, and healthcare applications.
The PVC price in India of PVC resin products is 87₹ to 150₹ per kilo from November 21st to October 22nd.
PVC manufacturing process
In everyday life, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is found in various product forms, such as 24% in pipes, 19% in films and sheets, 17% in profiles and hoses, 10% in cables and hoses, and 8% in bottles. around us. , 5% flooring, 4% coated fabrics, 2% moulded parts, and 2% vinyl products. It is an important plastic material that is widely used by PVC manufacturers in the construction, transportation, packaging, electrical/electronics, and medical applications.
PVC requirements in everyday life!
The reasons for using PVC resin are: They make life safer, brings comfort and joy, and help conserve natural resources. When used in automotive parts, PVC production helps reduce the risk of injury in the event of an accident. In fashion, furniture, and all kinds of indoor and outdoor accessories, PVC opens up possibilities for visually appealing and fundamentally utilitarian function and design. In short, PVC allows us to make our lives better, richer, and perhaps even more beautiful.
Who discovered PVC and how?
PVC was accidentally synthesized in 1872 by German chemist Eugen Baumann. The polymer appeared as a white solid in a vinyl chloride flask exposed to sunlight.
Chemical properties of PVC
PVC contains a high chlorine content (57%). PVC is chemically resistant to acids, salts, bases, fats, and alcohols.
Thermal properties of PVC
PVC begins to decompose at a temperature of 140 °C and has a melting temperature of around 160 °C. Raw PVC has very poor heat stability, so heat stabilizers must be added during the manufacturing process to ensure product properties.
Manufacturing process
PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) production includes 3 PVC steps:STEP 1.Production of ethylene dichlorideSTEP 2. Production of vinyl chloride monomerSTEP 3. Production of polyvinyl chloride
Step 1
Chlorine is obtained by electrolysis from sea salt, and ethylene is obtained from hydrocarbon feedstocks. These are converted to ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane). C2H4 + Cl2 = C2H4Cl2
Ethylene + Chlorine = Ethylene Dichloride
Step 2
The ethylene dichloride is then decomposed by heating in a high-temperature furnace or reactor.
C2H4Cl2 = C2H3Cl + HCl Ethylene dichloride = vinyl chloride monomer + hydrogen chloride
The overall reaction can be expressed by adding the above equations.
2C2H4 + Cl2 + ½ O2 = 2C2H3Cl + H2O Ethylene + Chlorine + Oxygen = VCM + Water
Step 3
PVC is made using a process called addition polymerization. This reaction opens the double bond of the vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and joins adjacent molecules to create long-chain molecules.
nC2H3Cl = (C2H3Cl)n Vinyl chloride monomer = polyvinyl chloride
How is PVC made (Short explanation about the above process)
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is used in thousands of different applications. If you ask someone how PVC is made, you may be blinded. A blank face frowns when I explain that the main ingredients in PVC are salt and oil actually! Vinyl compounds are found in every aspect of our daily lives. It is a versatile workhorse that can be used to manufacture everything from medical tubing to decking to power cable jackets. If you look now, you will find countless items containing PVC ingredients.
Want to know a Short explanation of how PVC is made?
There are many steps in PVC Production used by PVC Manufacturers, they are as follows…
The first step is the separation of ethylene from petroleum feedstock.
Ethylene, a derivative of natural gas, is supplied by the petrochemical industry. It is trapped during a process called pyrolysis. Liquid oil is heated in a steam oven and placed under extreme pressure. This changes the molecular weight of the chemicals in the petroleum feedstock. By altering its molecular weight, ethylene can be identified, segmented, and trapped. It is then cooled to return to a liquid state. This is the first step executed by PVC Manufacturers for PVC Production.
Another step is to extract chlorine from sea salt.
The second step used by PVC Manufacturers for PVC Production involves Chlorine.
Chlorine contained in salt extracted from seawater gains extra electrons during the electrolysis process. By passing an electric current through the salt water strong enough to change the molecular structure, the chlorine is separated and extracted from the mixture.
Ethylene dichloride (EDC) is formed when ethylene and chlorine react. It undergoes another pyrolysis process to produce a vinyl chloride monomer (VCM).
The VCM is passed through a catalyst-containing reactor where polymerization occurs. Simply put, the chemicals are allowed to react until the VCM molecules bind. PVC resin is created by combining VCM molecules. This is the starting point for all vinyl compounds.
What is polyvinyl chloride PVC?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC or vinyl) is an economical and versatile thermoplastic polymer used in construction to make door and window profiles, pipes (drinkable and sewage), wire and cable insulation, medical devices, etc. Widely used in industry. This is his third-largest thermoplastic material in the world by volume, after polyethene and polypropylene. PVC Manufacturers are producing this in desired quantities as the demand for PVC Production is quite high.
It is a powdery or granular white crumbly solid. Because of its versatile properties, such. B. Due to its lightweight, durability, low cost, and ease of processing, PVC is now replacing traditional building materials such as wood, metal, concrete, rubber, and ceramics in several applications.
The basic form of PVC
Polyvinyl chloride is widely used in the two broad categories of flexible and rigid. However, there are varieties such as CPVC, PVC-O, and PVC-M. There are quite a few PVC Manufacturers who are carrying out PVC Production in India.
Flexible or Flexible PVC (Density: 1.1–1.35 g/cm3):
Flexible PVC is formed by adding a compatible plasticizer to PVC that reduces crystallinity. These plasticizers act like lubricants, resulting in clearer, more flexible plastics. His PVC of this type is sometimes called PVC-P.
Rigid PVC or Rigid PVC (Density: 1.3-1.45 g/cm3):
Rigid PVC is a rigid, inexpensive plastic that is highly resistant to impact, water, weather, chemicals, and corrosive environments. This type of his PVC is also called UPVC, PVC-U, or uPVC.
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride or perchlorovinyl:
made by chlorinating PVC resin. High chlorine content confers high durability, chemical stability, and flame resistance. CPVC can withstand a wider range of temperatures.
Molecularly Oriented PVC or PVC-O:
The amorphous structure of PVC-U is reorganized into a layered structure. Biaxially oriented PVC has improved physical properties (rigidity, fatigue strength, lightweight, etc.).
Modified PVC or PVC-M:
A PVC alloy formed with the addition of modifiers to improve toughness and impact properties.
Raw Materials Used to Manufacture PVC Resin
The essential raw materials of PVC are obtained from salt and oil. Electrolysis of brine produces chlorine, which combines with ethylene (from petroleum) to form vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). Molecules of VCM are polymerized to form PVC resins, into which appropriate additives are incorporated to produce custom PVC blends.
The process of PVC production by PVC manufacturers consists of the following five steps.Extraction of salt and hydrocarbon resourcesProduction of ethylene and chlorine from these resourcesCombination of chlorine and ethylene to produce vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)Polymerization of VCM to Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)A wide range of physical properties can be obtained by blending PVC polymers with other materials to create different formulations.
Because PVC is made from two raw materials, unlike other thermoplastics that are entirely petroleum-based, PVC requires less non-renewable fossil fuels to produce than any other plastic.57% of the molecular weight is derived from salt43% comes from hydrocarbon feedstocks (ethylene from sugar mills is increasingly used in his PVC production as an alternative to ethylene from oil or natural gas).
PVC is usually produced from salt and oil, but some PVC manufacturers in the world produce PVC Production without any petroleum feedstock (biological carbonization of petroleum-based hydrocarbon feedstocks). PVC is therefore much less oil-dependent than other thermoplastics. It is also extremely durable and energy efficient in a variety of applications, making it a very efficient use of raw materials.
There are more than 50 trillion tons of dissolved salt in the ocean and more than 200 billion tons of salt underground. Reserves of this substance are apparently abundant.Petroleum-derived ethylene accounts for 0.3% of his annual oil consumption, but sugar crop-derived ethylene is also increasingly used in his PVC production.
Products and bi-products of PVC manufacturing include chlorine and caustic soda. These are perhaps two of the most important manufacturing “ingredients” not only for PVC manufacturing but for many other uses as well. Chlorine is used in the production of life-saving medicines, accounting for 85% of all medicines. Caustic soda has many important everyday uses, including pulp and paper manufacturing, soap and surfactant manufacturing, detergents and cleaners, alumina extraction, textiles, and the food industry.
What is PVC used for
PVC is a man-made solid polymer and one of the most commonly used plastics by PVC manufacturers in the world. This plastic is known by its full name polyvinyl chloride (just vinyl) and is perhaps best known by its abbreviation PVC. Polyvinyl chloride is produced by a chemical synthesis reaction, so PVC production is in a variety of product forms for different uses. PVC is a very versatile material that can be produced in flexible (PVC) or rigid (uPVC) format, as coloured or translucent transparent glass, depending on the shape and size required. For PVC, there are at least seven major applications in which the material is widely used in PVC
production. If you want to better understand plastic PVC, how it’s used, and what it’s used for, read on to explore the most common uses of PVC.
1. Water supply and pipes
First and foremost, the use of PVC in water pipes and plumbing is considered to be the largest PVC application by overall volume and weight. uses of PVC for water management was also one of his first scenarios implemented in modern society and infrastructure since PVC was discovered. PVC resin can be extruded into pipes of various diameters and lengths for watering buildings, facilities, and equipment. Due to regulations, PVC is considered a non-toxic, long-term safe material option suitable for drinking, industrial, and process water scenarios.
2. Waste treatment and management
Second, in terms of frequency of use, PVC is used in waste treatment and management. PVC is used as a waste product in modern society’s infrastructure, from homes to commercial buildings to industrial plants. PVC in the form of pipes is used in sewers and sewage transport drains and vents connected to structures and equipment. Sinks, toilets, and liquid handling manufacturing facilities are examples of using PVC piping for drains, waste, and/or vents (DWV).
3. Chemical Handling, Shipping, Processing, or Transfer
Chemical compatibility and resistance vary greatly from one particular chemical to another. Compared to metal/ferrous options, PVC can handle certain chemicals that metal materials cannot handle, such as hydrogen-based acids-hydrochloric acid.
4. Building infrastructure and materials
The use of PVC for infrastructure purposes and as a building material has increased over the last few decades due to the growing demand for inexpensive and effective alternatives to wood and other building materials. The main uses of PVC pipe in building infrastructure are ventilation and flue gas treatment. In building ventilation, PVC is commonly used to route ducts for HVAC, air conditioning, and heating systems.
5. Coating and cable insulation
Polyvinyl chloride has excellent heat resistance and electrical resistance in relation to electrical conductivity. These properties of PVC have encouraged the use of vinyl as a coating and insulating sleeve for electrical cables, wires, components, and circuits.
6. health items
Based on research, PVC has been classified as an inert, non-toxin-releasing, corrosion-resistant material, so PVC has played an important and integral role in the healthcare industry. PVC is the material used to make clear bags and tubes for handling, storing, and delivering blood, IV fluids, and medications to patients.
7. PVC moulded product
PVC mouldings are of a wide range in today’s world where PVC manufacturers used PVC moulded products. Polyvinyl chloride can be manipulated in many ways and can be used to produce an almost limitless number of products moulded from PVC raw materials. Vinyl is a thermoplastic, so when heated it becomes molten.
What is PVC made of?
The chemical process used to make PVC consists of taking the simplest units called monomers and joining these monomer molecules together in a polymerization process. Long molecular chains are formed, forming so-called polymers (also called macromolecules). This is the case for PVC, where PVC manufacturers produce this by polymerization of vinyl chloride monomers, commonly known by the abbreviation VCM. Some monomers are in the form of reactive gaseous chemicals and some of these can be harmful to human health in direct contact with humans. Manufactured and processed under health, safety, and environmental controls. On the other hand, polymers obtained by polymerizing monomers, such as PVC, are solid and chemically stable substances, so they do not affect human health. VCM, the raw material of PVC, is a gas at room temperature but is normally stored in a liquid state under pressure. The raw materials of PVC are ethylene and chlorine. .
Upstream industries are those that supply these materials and include the manufacturers of basic petrochemicals (sometimes called feedstocks), which supply ethylene, and the Chlor-alkali (caustic soda) industry, which supplies chlorine. increase. In the basic petrochemical industry, ethylene and propylene are produced by pyrolyzing naphtha and natural gas. Naphtha comes primarily from the petroleum refining industry, which is crude oil. The Chlor-alkali industry manufactures caustic soda, chlorine, and hydrogen through electrolysis using industrial salt as the main raw material. In the first stage of the PVC manufacturing process, ethylene and chlorine are combined to produce an intermediate PVC production called ethylene dichloride. This will be vinyl chloride, the basic building block of polyvinyl chloride or PVC. The process of “polymerization” combines vinyl chloride molecules to form PVC chains. PVC production in this way is in the form of white powder. Rather than using this alone, it is mixed with other ingredients to provide a wide range of product formulations. Most standard plastics contain carbon and hydrogen as their main constituents. PVC differs not only in chlorine content (about 57% by weight) but also in carbon and hydrogen. The presence of chlorine in the molecule makes PVC particularly versatile as it is compatible with a wide variety of other materials. Chlorine content also helps make PVC flame retardant. It can also be used as a “marker” to identify PVC in automated sorting systems for plastic recycling. PVC formulations can be shaped by a variety of techniques into final PVC production with little energy input. PVC polymers are chemically stable, neutral, and non-toxic PVC formulations are used in a wide variety of applications by PVC manufacturers, including the most delicate applications such as medical devices, construction, automotive and electrical wiring.
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